Shock-absorbing arrangement for vehicles.



1. slNsou.

APPLICATIUN FILED IAN. |37. 19N.

WITNESVSES v JEAN 7 SHOCKBSGHBING ARRANGEMENT FOR VEHICLES.

` Pmnd sept 10,1918.

2 sains-suini 2.

' `liintsnts' in Shock-Absorbing mamiitveives, "it is found that at tsra-aus rn'rnn'rorricn.

smsen, or @vw-raum, rumor, assmnon rosocmra morir-ian Das woarrssauas amsusrmsxous f chao .mamanreunen or nunauoooar.

ramon. 1 encon-assomme americain ron vnmcms.

15218H72. SPFcilim 'f um Patel- Paiented Sept. 1Q, 1918..

` Application led January 18,1911L. Serial No. 811,924.

"l'ill whom it may concern: c is produced not by the compressed air orthe VBejit known that I, JEAN PAUL Siusou,l liquid of the shockabsorbing apparatus ofQ'fRue Froment, Levallois-Perret, Seine, proper,but as-has been just stated, by air "Republic of Franca have inventedImprovefrom outside which is' compressed in an u p l Arrangem'entsauxiliary chamber by the action of the ap-w '"ifrff-Vehicles, ofwhichthe; followmgis a.` paratus itself. The result of this is that full;Iclearyand exact descriptlon; v neither loss of compressed air or liquidVin hook absorbing arrangements forvehicles the shock absorbingapparatus proper nor asi-heretofore constructed may be group theformation of this liquid into layers can take place and in consequenceof this the jaw@ lq in4 two classes,namely thosefthat are whollypneumatic and those that are h'ydropneu` apparatus always works underthe same standard conditions. Q6

matic'.

VShoo "absorbers of the first mentioned Figure 1V of the accompany'ngVillustrative I namely the wholly pneumatic-type, are .drawing shows inelevation one example lo atis'factory in that they allow the air `shockabsorber constructed according to the ape very rapidly 4in consequenceTo invention. 4

hichtake 'place between the p arts- Fig. 2 is a vertical sectioncorresponding 'l0' ontact if the air is contained in a tc the line A-Aof Fig. 1. `iiwblebasing of leather or rubber, inl conf' ,Fignlillustrates a modified construction ence of the' molecular change whichis 1n vertical section in a plane at right angles the material of whichthe said tolthat of Fig. 2. k

' the action of the Referring to Figs; 1 and 2 it-will be seen 'l5 Vthat the improved shockabsorber comprises ."absorbers'of the second typea cylindrical body a within which is. arly `"hydro lneumatic vshockabsorbers ranged to work a hollow piston?) thatpro `ns'srally .providedwith pipes an yectslhrough the open upper 'end thereof. i ted to control`or yregulate the The. diameter ofthe pistonb Vis, lessthan the p Lofthe liquid fromone chamber to bore of the bodyv or cylinder alsothatan annulary chamber c is `formed between the dass to obtain abraking action two parts. y

g the shock ab- The lower end of the piston b is` furnished n K lposition. In with a packing ring b of leather which isauehnshock'absorbers, owin to thefcontinupressed up 4into cup shape oris flanged as y ons-,passage of theliquid t rough the pipes shown andheld in position by a rin nut b y n he end of a screwed into theinterior `of the sai piston. certa The packing ring b prevents theliquid d, f erfthecriginal conditions. within the `sylirnlrical body aand the lower eobject of thepresent invention is to part of the piston bfrom passing into the rovide a. shock `absorber of the hydropneuannularchamber c. The quantity of liquid ol` contained in the apparatus is suchthat i in `tiine'the vabsorbers no longer wor r M01-matic type in whichthe' disadvantage'sv just reierr to `are obviated. j thisliquid alwaysforms hydraulic joint or .F cco'rdingv to the inyenseal whatever be theposition of the piston 1).-95

` Above the leather packing ring b' the ex- -f. is purpose a tion l.contained in the improvl shock absor er constitutesonly a hydraulicterior of thepiston b is furnished with anf-gli vjoint or seal for theair inclsed in the comother packing ring e of felt, leather or rubvpression chamber. The braking of the apber,held between two rings e ande* screwe 'paratusis'gobtained by" air, `which is drawn onto the piston.l. to aneauxiliary ,chamber provided for.` this This ring e completesth'epac ing at the l purpos ewhen. thepiston moyes under the lower partof the apparatusand forms with haction fa-shock and whichfisf then. com--the rings e and ezaneflicient guiding arpressed by they piston on itsreturn moyerangementforzthe piston b. p

" Screwed to thev u 4per part of the (pylin-l 105` e wit is such"thatthe braking i drical body a is a me al ring f provid ment. 4 y' Thearrangement two trunnions f located diametrically opshackles,v the saidbolt y air compressed to the desired pressure.

posite to each other and the function of whiclrwill be describedhereinafter.` Into the upperpart of the ring f is screwed a ringx gformed on its internal "periphery wit a' groove into which is tted arubber.

The rings g and g form an eicient. guidingarrangement for the upper partof thepiston b and serve at the same time to prevent mud, water and dustfrom entering the annular chamber c.

-To render the. annularl chamber c fluidtight at its upper part apacking ring Iz, of leather-is pressed into' the shape shown, that is,angular or L-shaped in cross section.

he ring is held in positionby being Dipped between the top end of thecylinder `a and the ring g and bears upon the external surface of thepiston b.

At its upper part the piston is fitted with aivalve 1I through which aircan be introduced into the apparatus and compressed according to t-heweight tobe supported by the piston b.l y

In the example illustrated the shock absorber is mounted on thevehicleiin the following manner:v f

Mounted. upon lthe trunnions f" ofthe cylindrical body a are twoshackles j connected at their upper parts by a bolt le which is carriedby' 'ne end of the spring l of the wheel. Each-of the shackles j isformed with a slot y" into which fits and slides vertically. one end ofa bolt/c which passes through two lugs b3 Xed to or. formed in one withthe vpiston b and projecting from the upper part thereof. The boltI k isconnected to one end of the spring Z fixed' tothe'chassi's of thevehicle.

To facilitate the smooth sliding of the ends of thev bolt le in theslots. of ythe is furnished with two rollers m that roll over the edgesofthe said slots. c

The action of 'the' vimproved shock a-bsorber constructed asjustdescribed is-4 as' follower*- n The cylindricalbody a contains'thereq u1-, site quantity of liquid and the compression chamber formed bythe piston b incloses vthe wheel of the vvehicle encounters-any obstaclea yshock 'will' be produced which will cause-the axle to riserelatilfclyV to the chassis of the vehicle. The result of this is thatthe piston will descend in the cylinder The air contained in the piston,not bemgable to escape by reason of the fluid-tight joint or sealformed by the liquid'the level 'of which remains constant, will becompressed A thus creating a. resista-nce which deadensthe shock. y

When the piston b descends,zthe p acklng b', by reason' of the' pressurecrfcrcisefl by the air on the liquid, will bearwith constantlyincreasinforcee in st vthe inner wall of the cylm er a, whlch'mcreases thefriction lof the said packing against the cylinder and ton .will onlypass progresslvely from one value to another.V On the other hand thedescent of the piston b tends to create a vacuum in the annular chamberc, but owing to the arrangement of the packin -z.,'. a certainql'lliantity of atmospheric .ai'rgtsidrawn into A t A is chamber. Whenthe piston b, after having arrived at the end of its stroke, reascendsto resume lts original position under compressed air whichl it contains,'the atthevaction of theV mospheric air'drawn into the chamber c will becompressed progressively lby the movement of the said piston,l thepacking ring It being then pressed bythe air against the piston so asonl to vallow the air to escape again little by litt e.

There will thus be obtained a braking action of the piston whlch'returns gently to its original position ,which avoids all shockon thereturn and that moreover without the intervention 'of agents' whichpermit of the deadening .of the shock when the piston descends. f

The modified construction of shock absorber shown in. F' '3 is suitablefor cases where it has to oli by extension. 1

In thisconstru'ction the. lower end of the piston b isclosed' byascrew-threaded `base i tabllsh communication between the vchamber Yandannular chamber c arrallied between the'piston and the inner wall of t ecylilil ci.

the piston b through theo enings n. Thefluid-tightness of t e annularchamber c'is insured at its lower part by two' pressed up. leatherpacking rings o and o held in position on theone hand bythe -ba'seand onthe other hand by a n'utf o2;

and at its upper part byplain packing rings 72 and p and a preed upleather ring -792 held-1n position by nutsand g.,

vThe chamber r form in the cylindrical bodya beneath the pistonb' iscapable of being placed in communication Withthe 'ate rogressiv'e.

having vlarge lateral openings n which es-r piston 4 hechamber c' isfull of" liquid which ca `"freely pas into the body of.

um apparatus is, sad 'with a4 I i said piston, a determined quantityofair .the followin navarra .and permitting of the attachmentof the apv`paratus to the yehicle in any suitable manner.

'The apparatus thus constructed' works in manner:

When a s ock is produced, the piston b` rises in the cylinder a theliquid contained in the annular chamber 'c is then forced back yandpassesthrough the openings n into the chamber of the piston where itcompresses the air contained in thesaid chamlier'"r On the other handthe upward mqwlement of` the piston b tends to create in the cham ber rat the lower part of the cylinder a a vacuum the result of whichA is tocause the valve a to open automatically so that atmosmits the piston toreturn without shocktoits pheric air enters the chamber. Whenl thepiston returns' to its normal position the aix-inthe chamber 1' iscompressed and exercises a braking action which perori 'nel osition.

s inft e preceding arrangement the brak- -ing action is thereforeobtained independently of agents which absorb the initial shockeo thatsatisfactory working of the apa,ra tus'is azlwaysinsured as all risk ofleakage is obvia'tedi The improvedshock absorbing arrange- Psis mentma'ybe applied to any vehicles pr'oelled either by,` mechanical, animal 'oreven uman traction and may be placed at any convenient point on the saidvehicle.

The constructions hereinbeiprel described are only given by way ofexample, the forms,

l.dimensions and detail arrangements /may vary according tocircumstances without de partnre i om the invention.

Claims: A

` 1.`,A hydropneumaticy shock absorber for vehicles, comprisingl acylindrical hollow body closed'at its lower part and containing aliquid, a hollow piston entirely open at its lower art and fitted in thecylindrical body, a -lui -tight packing at the inner end of under4ressiire filling the rest of the space of the cylindrical body and thepiston, an annu- `lar chamber fornied by and between the walls'of thecylindrical body and the inner end of the piston', 'a packing/at theupper part ofthe'cylindrical bod for allowingair 'to passinto theannular c amber when the descending movement of the piston takes placemdb-retaining said air which iscompressed on' the 'return stroke of thepiston, and' ineens for connecting the apparatus to fthe springs of thevehicle.

` 2. A"hydropneumatic shock` absorber for vehicles, comprising acylindrical hollow,

body closed at its lower part, and .containing la determined quantity ofliquid, a hollow piston entirelyopen at its lower part and fitted in.the cylindrical body, packing atthe base of said piston, constantlyimmersed in the liquid, compressed-air fill'- ing the rest of the spaceof the cylindrical body and the piston, a valye 4arranged at the upperpart of the piston for the introduction of the li uid, anc 4of the air;an annular chamber ormed between the walls'of the cylindrical body andof the piston, `and a packing arranged at the upper part of thecylindrical body for allowing atmospheric air to pass into the annularchamberwhen the descending movement of the piston takes place and thenfor 'retaining said air which a Huid-tight 1s compressed and escapes butslowly throu h said packing on the return stroke of t e piston. l

3. A hydropneumatic shock absorber for Vehicles comprising a'cylindrical hollow body closed at its lower part, and containing. i

a determined quantity of liquid, trunnions on the cylindrical body,shackles' receiving said trunnions and connected with the .axle

lower partl and fitted in the cylindrical body, a fluid-tight acking atthe base of said pis.-

ton, constant y immersed in the liquid, com-4 ressedair inthe piston andretained by the iquid forming a hydraulic joint, a valve at the upperpart of the piston for the intro- Asu ` spring, a hollow lpistonentirely open at 'its duction of the air and liquid into the ap a.- A

ratus, lugs on the. piston and connected with the u per spring of thevehicle, -an-annular chamlier formed, between the walls of thecylindrical body Aand of the piston; and4 a packing at the upper part ofthe cylindrical body for allowing atmospheric air to pass into theannular chamber when-the piston moves down and then for retaining saidair which is compressed and escapes but slowly between the edge of thispacking andthe wall of the piston on the return stroke of the latter.

4. In a shock absorber, a liquid-containing cylinder, a hollow pistonoperating lili therein and having an interior air chamber sealed at oneend by the liquid of. the cylin-j All der to cause compression of theair by a movement of the piston in one direction, and

ya secondaryair chamberformed by the inner end of the piston andcylinder in which alr is compressed by an opposite movement of thepiston to produce a braking action for the piston on its returnmovement.

The foregoing specification of my im'- y proveniente in shock absorbingarrangements forivehicles signed byl me this `29th day of December,1913.

Witnesses:

, HANSON C. COXE, REN Tmnro'l'.

l JEAN PAUL smsou.

llo

